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}~Ni{"?~L :?>s4gtc'=Cd~÷<</bE#kȶI]{)ؚzkzeE.t)FB׹uWV^y:)kewZcaw)`4iE-GDe2~"ݿy-|!k;ce_k;3:f'&93>~|LEhgŝ?_;zoϥc}㚨߱qt9Dw+~ċ|z6֊OWױpEUcxѢpFWdl2(  / 0|DTimes New Roman@b@bLb0pbpb 0DArial Blackman@b@bLb0pbpb 0" DTahomalackman@b@bLb0pbpb 0"0DMonotype Sorts@b@bLb0pbpb 0@DArialpe Sorts@b@bLb0pbpb 0"  @n?" dd@  @@`` 4,p4,    !"#$%&'()*+,  /X$zR$bؙ iԌV g?zc $ @8> g4MdMd|b 0tb ppp@ g4KdKd|b 0tb p@ pp<4BdBd4v@bL?T+ @Tim Margush, University of AkronOl;ST: Java @Tim Margush, University of AkronO&Cup 8: File Input and OutputSpecial Topics: JavaZStreamsCharacter Stream A sequence of Unicode characters Unicode is automatically converted to and from the local host representation Byte Stream A sequence of Byte values No translation Binary modeHn 5n 5[java.io Classes$File A file or directory OutputStream, InputStream Base class for Byte streams Writer, Reader Base class for Character streams RandomAccessFile~!!>  L^The File ClassConstructors File(String fileOrPathName); File(File directory, String fileName); File(String directory, String fileName); Once a File object is created, information may be obtained from the various methods6 mT mT>!W`Selected File MethodsSBoolean functions exists() isDirectory() isFile() canRead() canWrite() equals(File)$BBP  String getName() String getPath() String[] list() returns an array of filenames if the object represents a directory long length() number of bytes in the fileH2C2C, bFile Modificationsdelete() deletes the file represented by the current File object renameTo(FilePath); renames and possibly moves the file named by the current object mkdir() and mkdirs() creates a directory (perhaps a whole path) named by the current objectx 8@G 8@GPACJdOutputStream Methods write(int b); write(byte[] b); write(byte[] b, int offset, int length); flush(); close(); These methods define functionality - they are generally overridden in subclasses ZR>&mfOutputStream Derivations  FileOutputStream stream is directed to a file ByteArrayOutputStream stream is directed to a byte array PipedOutputStream stream is intended to connect to a PipedInputStream FilterOutputStream a base class for further capabilities#4&#4&H##$&h&Data and Buffered OutputStream Classes Derived from FilterOutputStream DataOutputStream used to write primitive data in binary mode - no translation BufferedOutputStream adds buffering to improve performance Constructors require an object of one of the other OutputStream typesZ1=&F1=&F> #>Y j DataOutputStreamUsed when writing data that is not strictly character data creates a sequence of bytes corresponding to the internal representation of data methods exist to write all of the primitive types as well as a String results are usually not human readable$;;k Character Output StreamsStringWriter CharArrayWriter PipedWriter OutputStreamWriter PrintWriter provides String output for other Writers BufferedWriter buffers other Writers FilterWriterdH) H) 6H)  None of these are directly related to a file FileWriter derived from OutputStreamWriter writes data to a File named in the constructor$8O8O,- /n  PrintWriter Constructed from a Writer or an OutputStream object Used to output formatted representa-tions of objects to a text stream Includes print() and println() methods these are overloaded for all of the basic types and will output any object using its toString method$eeb  1` p Formatting Outputjava.text contains numerous classes dealing with text - data conversions Support is provided for internationalization via getLocale() After creating a format object, it may be used to format data (convert to String representations)$v er  Input StreamsrA collection of classes parallel the Output stream classes, beginning with InputStream at the top of the hierarchyK  nFileInputStream SequenceInputStream PipedInputStream ByteArrayInputStream FilterInputStream ObjectInputStream ntFilterInputStreamDataInputStream support for basic data types (binary) BufferedInputStream add buffering to existing stream LineNumberInputStream count lines of inputl&!&!6&" PushBackInputStream allow bytes to be placed back into the stream for rereading plus: Additional classes providing support for data decompression and securityB<Q<PvCharacter Input Streams[Derived from Reader Provides automatic characer code conversion from native encoding method' , StringReader CharArrayReader PipedReader InputStreamReader FileReader BufferedReader LineNumberReader FilterReader PushBackReaderl;  ;  xFormatted Inputjava.io.StreamTokenizer used to split character data into meaningful tokens that can be parsed by other methods method nextToken() parses the next token of the Stream and places its value in a public instance variable double nval or String sval TT_NUMBER, TT_WORD, TT_EOF, TT_EOL6>>l_ ` #~StringTokenizerjava.util.StringTokenizer nextToken() method returns a substring with no whitespace BufferedReader contains readLine() method Conversion Integer.parseInt(x); //decimal Integer.parseInt(x,16); //hex input etc \:5G:5G   zObject I/O - SerializationObjectOutputStream created from a DataOutputStream contains writeObject() method Object must implement the Serializable Interface$ooH $  iObjectInputStream created from a DataInputStream contains readObject() method Object must be Serializable$XXH  {implements Serializable This one is eay - there are no special methods that you are required to implement! A default constructor must exist All the data members must be a basic data type, or an object that is itself Serializable Members to be omitted from the object stream are declared transient$SS,  D/0 \]_acegil m o q s uwy|}  ` ^WN̙f` ^WNff3` 999MMM` ^WNf` ff33` ff33` ^WN̙f>?" dd@(?zdd@ y x@" `  n?" dd@   @@``@n?" dd@  @@``PR   @ ` ` p>> ]U(    C XA@C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP\JavaBack.jpg  s *dv 0` v T Click to edit Master title style! !   c $v @ v RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  s *$v Tt v E* 2  s *v Tt  v G*(2  s *v T@t v I8-*(2Z  B޽h))? ? ^WNff3 Javaxx.potd    ( &`    C XA@C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP\JavaBack.jpg  s *TP @@ ~ T Click to edit Master title style! !  c $Q @  ~ W#Click to edit Master subtitle style$ $  s *tQ T ~ E* 2^WN  s *Q T  v G*(2^WN  s *4R T@ v G*(2^WNZ  B޽h))? ? ^WNff3 0 @.(    0~ P   v Y*   0T~    v [* d  c $ ?  v  0~  @ v RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6~ `P  v Y*   6t~ `  v [* H  0޽h ? ̙33 04(      0t~ P   v =*   0Ԟ~    v ?*   64~ `P  v =*   6~ `  v ?* H  0޽h ? ̙33 x( K l  C R PP   r  S T ` p    0tT0 pj VDr. Tim Margush Department of Mathematics and Computer Science The University of AkronW(2WH  0޽h ? ^WNff3  (  l  C U0`   l  C U@  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3  (  l  C tW0`   l  C W@  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3   (  l  C X0`   l  C TY@  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3L  @(  l  C Z0`   l  C ~   l  C $8 @  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3  `(  l  C 0`   l  C D@  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3  (  `u@  l  C $0`   l  C @  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3  ( ȘS  l  C 0`   l  C d@  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3  (  l  C 0`   l  C @  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3   ( ,  l  C $0`   l  C @  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3R   (  l  C 0`   r  S d   l  C 8 @  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3    ( x  l  C )0`   l  C )@  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3   @(  l  C 4,0`   l  C ,@  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3R   `( X l  C -0`   r  S .   l  C t.@ @  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3L  (  l  C 4/0`   l  C /   l  C /@ @  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3R  ( KL l  C 00`   r  S 1   l  C t18 @  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3  p( ( l  C Ԥ~0`  v l  C 4~@ v H  0޽h ? ^WNff3  ,(  ,l , C 4O0`   l , C O@  H , 0޽h ? ^WNff3R  `( h l  C ~0`  ~ r  S ~p  ~ l  C t~8 @ ~ H  0޽h ? ^WNff3   $(  [ $l $ C ~0`  v l $ C ~@ v H $ 0޽h ? ^WNff3 0 x( X R  3    ~  C 4U @    H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 2(  R  3      C 4X @   @The java.io package contains these five main classes related to stream I/O. These are all subclasses of Object. All are Abstract classes. They basically define the operations that will be available for these types of streams. A File object represents a file to be used for input or output. It can also represent a directory. The other classes represent streams. Files created as random access files are inherently the same as those created serially. The class used to access the data is all that changes.,H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 9( h R  3      C W @   GStream oriented I/O allows the programmer to treat all I/O in the same way. The characteristics of the physical device are hidden from the basic I/O operations. An input stream is a sequence of characters or bytes coming from a device to memory used by the program. An output stream is going to a device. Character streams automatically handle the conversions to and from unicode if the host system does not use unicode as its normal character code. Binary transfer of data is accomplished with a Byte stream.,v ZH  0޽h ? ̙33 0 x0(  R  3    ~  C tZ @    H  0޽h ? ̙33$ 0 Pt(  R  3      C  @   The equals() method only tells if two File objects refer to the same file. In some circumstances, a security exception is thrown when you invoke canRead or canWrite. The getName method returns the file name without the path or the directory name. getPath returns a String that includes the entire path and file or directory name. The list method is useful only when the File object is a directory. Otherwise it returns null. It is possible to specify a Filter when calling the list method: list(FilenameFilter); To use this, you pass an object that implements the FilenameFilter interface. This object will contain an accept method that returns true or false for a file passed as an argument. The files returned by list are those accepted by the filter.tF7H  0޽h ? ̙33# 0 ps( @[ R  3      C d @   These methods return true if the operation is successful. The delete method will not delete directories, only files. The renameTo method can move a file if the FilePath specifies a file in another directory. The method fails if the target directory does not exist. After renaming, the current File object will refer to a non-existent file. mkdir will create a directory at the end of a path if the path already exists. It can add only one level to the directory tree. mkdirs, on the other had, can create an entire path if necessary.Py  z<H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 ( X  R  3      C D @   -The first method writes one byte, the low order byte of the int. It is an abstract method, so must be implemented in a subclass. The rest are pretty much straightforward. flush and close do nothing - they will be implemented in a subclass as well.<H  0޽h ? ̙33U 0  ( X R  3      C $ @   FileOutputStream is used to write data to a physical file. The constructor takes a File object. This class has a method, getFD() that returns a FileDescriptor object. This object can be used later to refer to the same file. The ByteArrayOutputStream is essentially a file stored in memory. An object of this type contains an array of bytes into which the output is written. The constructor allows you to specify the size of the array. The array will be automatically extended as needed. Various methods are included to access the contents of the byte array. PipedOutputStream objects connect to PipedInputStream objects. These generally run in different threads to enhance performance. The final class is a super class for nine additional output stream classes, including zip and gzip streams.~hE4 H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 kc( dX@ R  3    i  C d @   yThese streams are designed to augment the functionality of one of the other stream types (File, ByteArray, or Piped). There are two other classes to be considered here - PrintStream and PrintWriter. These classes provide the ability to output most basic types as strings. PrintWriter is new to Java 1.1 and is intended to replace PrintStream. System.out is of type PrintStream.t` A  K .  H  0޽h ? ̙33  0 $( P R  3      C  @   2This class is used to create binary content files. Writing an int will send 4 bytes to the file. These are not digits, but the four bytes found in memory that represent the 2 s complement code for the int. Other data types are handled similarly.,>*H  0޽h ? ̙33<  0 (  R  3      C ( @   The first two classes write to a String or Character Array in memory. The OutputStreamWriter is used to convert from unicode to local machine representation of the characters. The constructor requires an OutputStream object that specifies the destination. Remember that OutputStream is a byte stream. The FileWriter class has a constructor that takes a File object. This is how you can write data to a file in character form. To convert from numeric data such as int and float, use the PrintWriter class.JO 5   H  0޽h ? ̙33  0 0.(  R  3      C t+ @   <PrintWriter allows direct output of any object (using toString) and all of the primitive types. The character results are eventually translated to a byte stream at one of the lower levels using the host s character encoding. The constructors accept a second argument (true) to indicate that automatic flushing is to occur when the println() method is called (the default is false). No exceptions are thrown by this class - you must call checkError() to determine if any errors have occurred.H * d -H  0޽h ? ̙332  0 P( t R  3      C T- @   ZFormatting output is complicated due to the many formats that might be desired by a programmer. The java.text package provides support for converting from internal representations of dates, times, and numbers to String formats used for display. The package also provides parse capability to convert String representations back to internal format.dH  0޽h ? ̙33B  0 p(    R  3      C . @   FileInputStrem is constructed from a File object, or a String specifying the file to be attached to the Stream. FileNotFoundException may be thrown. This class provides support for input of bytes. Several input streams may be concatenated so the stream appears to come from one continuous source. The constructor allows you to specify the sequence of files to be combined. As each part of the stream is exhausted, it is automatically closed. A PipedInputStream is the other end of a PipedOutputStream. A ByteArrayInputStream reads bytes from a byte array in memory. The ObjectInputStream is designed for reading into objects from files created expressly for this purpose through Serialization. FilterInputStream provides additional classes for wrapping on these basic ones. ~a6-k?H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 ((  R  3      C T0 @   6The basic classes derived from FilterInputStream are similar to those of the OutputStream classes. There are two additional classes, one to count the number of input lines as processing occurs, another to place bytes back into the stream., H  0޽h ? ̙33a 0 ! (   R   3       C 1 @   Character input provides the basic support for character data, automatically converting from the native character format to internal unicode representation. These basic classes allow input from Strings or character arrays, and a pipe created in another thread. Reader provides basic support for reading characters. A ready() function can be used to determine if the stream is ready to be read.H   0޽h ? ̙33 0 ld( ( R  3    j  C T~ @   zA StreamTokenizer class is built on an existing character stream. By calling nextToken(), enough characters are processed from the stream to determine a numeric or String value. nextToken() returns an int, one of TT_NUMBER, TT_WORD, TT_EOF, TT_EOL TT_EOL is set only if the tokenizer has been requested to detect end of line markers by calling its eolIsSignificant(true) method.t; \ F @H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 ?( `z@ R  3      C 42 @   MA Serializable object knows how to output all of its members. The file created from writeObject contains the information needed to recreate the object. The information is stored in binary format for efficiency. Restoring an object from the file is equally easy., E H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 JBP((  (R ( 3    ~H ( C ~ @  ~ The Serializable interface shows the programmer s intent to serialize an object. If some data members are not to be written to the stream, they are declared as transient. Transient data members are (of course) not restored by the readObject method. The object constructed by readObject must be typecast to the appropriate type.>  " *H ( 0޽h ? ̙33 0 0(  0R 0 3     0 C ~ @   -Another way to do formatted input is to use the StringTokenizer class. You will need to read information from the stream into a String, then use this object to will parse the stream into substrings. Each substring can be explicitly parsed using the parse or type conversion methods of the primitive type wrapper classes. By using the BufferedReader class, you can call the readLine() method to input a line of text from the stream.b0{  x3H 0 0޽h ? ̙33r`AxG2&<TK tZ`,N PdvNzQ?~S V3X^Y5[]_E!aecKegϫHjlbpr̵ønUp,bOh+'0dRx@ T`    Cup 8:FilesInput and Output with Files Tim Margush,Class notes for 3460:289 ST:Java, Fall 19987C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates\Javaxx.pot Tim Margush50 Microsoft PowerPointoso@ڌ@ hTͽ@`O GPoM  P('& &&#TNPPp0D v & TNPP &&TNPP     'A x(xʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___wwwݼݽݼݼ޼ݼݼݽݽݽݽݼݽݼݼݼݼݼݼݽ޼ݽݽݼݼݼݼݼݽݽݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼ޼ݼݼ޼ݼݼݼݽ÷ݽݽݼݼݼݼ޼ݼݼݼݼݼݼ޼ݽݽޓݼݼݽݽݼݼñ޽ý񽷓ݼݼ޼ݽݽݼݽݼݽޔݼݽÓuootoݽý޽ýݼݼݽݼݼݽݼݽݼݼݼݽݼݼݼݼݼݽݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݽ޼ݼݼ޽ݼݼݼݽ޼ݼݽݼݼݼݼݼݽݽ޽޼޼ݼݼݼݼݽݽýݼ޼ݽݽݽ޼ݽݼݼݽݽݽޔtݼ޼޼ݼݼݽ޼ݼݼݼ޼ݽݽüuݼݼ޽t޼ݼݽ޼޽ݽݼݼݽ޽޼⽼ݽݽ޽ݽޓݼݽ޽ݽݼ޼ݽüݽ޼޼⽽ݽݽݽݼݼݼݼݼݽݽݽݼݼݼ޼ݼݼ޼ݽݼݼݼݼݼݼݽݼݼݼݽݼݼݼݽݽݼ㔽޼ݼ޼ݽݼݽݼݼ޼ݼݽݼݽ⽽޼ݽݽݼݼ޼޽ݽ޼޼ݼݼݽ޼ݼݼuݼݽ½ݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼ޼޽ݼݼݼݼݼݽ޽޽ݼݼݼݼݼޔݽ޼ݽݼݼݼ޽ݽݽݼ޽޽޽޽޽”޽޽޽޽½޽ü޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽񽽽޽޽޽޽޽񷔓޽޽ޔ޽޽޽޽tý޼޼޽ýý񽔓޽½޽޽޽tý޽ý㓔޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽ý½޽޽񽽽޽޽޽޽ý޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽ݼ½޽޽޽޽ýJJJ޽޽޽m###D#DssDJD###$#"J޽##$#*#####DK޽D*#*#$#$##"nJCD޽޽n$#$#$)E#$$#޽#*#$)$$)D#)$#޽n$#$####CDC޽J#$JW*s޽#*D1/##f7_J޽ݽ޽#E⼵sDJýtKn޽޽CsmKuMSoݽ""üJELuLuL޽nDݡnJLMMSMDݽֵff##m޽ֶֻ#"`CÒޘ޽ɯ޽޽ȧ޽޶iý㓽޽ý޽u "--&TNPP &՜.+,D՜.+,     dOn-screen ShowUniversity of Akronj Times New Roman Arial BlackTahomaMonotype SortsArial Javaxx.potCup 8: File Input and OutputStreamsjava.io ClassesThe File ClassSelected File MethodsFile ModificationsOutputStream MethodsOutputStream Derivations'Data and Buffered OutputStream ClassesDataOutputStreamCharacter Output Streams PrintWriterFormatting OutputInput StreamsFilterInputStreamCharacter Input StreamsFormatted InputStringTokenizerObject I/O - Serializationimplements Serializable  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles$em  5    _PID_GUID TemplateType GraphicType Compression ScreenSize ScreenUsage MailAddress HomePage Other DownloadOriginal DownloadIEButton UseBrowserColor BackColor TextColor LinkColor VisitedColorTransparentButton ButtonType ShowNotes NavBtnPos OutputDirAN{063B9340-61DD-11D2-91FE-006008B82591}Fmargush@uakron.edu"http://www.cs.uakron.edu/~margushjClass Notes for ST:Java Tim Margush Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Akronm   f3 C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP\JavaRoot EntrydO)Ǜ@Picturesg?Current User+SummaryInformation(R#_ Tim MargushRoot EntrydO)'}Picturesg?Current UserMSummaryInformation(R'_University UserUniversity User !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)Picturesg?Current UserSummaryInformation(RPowerPoint Document( DocumentSummaryInformation8