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Stop! A Thread stops (becomes dead) when its run method terminates A Thread has a stop() method that can also be used to terminate it throws a ThreadDeath error which ultimately causes the termination do not catch the error or the Thread will not die (unless you re-throw it)$ zUser and Daemon ThreadsDaemon Thread a subordinate thread an application will halt when only Daemon Threads are left running setDaemon(true); call before starting the Thread6i i e ( User Thread independent from the creating Thread should be designed with some stopping criterion Threads created from Daemon threads are Daemons by default8 U; U;Let Sleeping Threads LieTThread method: sleep(long millisec); Suspends Thread execution for specified time - allowing other Threads to run May throw an InterruptedException caused by calling the Thread s interrupt() method this wakes up a sleeping thread the exception should be caught sleep(long millisecs, long nanosecs);H%oq&%oq&P]| Yielding to Another ThreadThread method: yield(); allows waiting Threads a chance to execute allows current Thread to continue if other Threads are not able to run$rr Scheduling Conflicts4Thread method: setPriority(int); higher priority Threads will execute first (if several Threads are ready to run) low priority Threads will be preempted if a higher priority Thread becomes runnable equal priority Threads  may share processor resources (time-slice) system dependentH!!+%>  UJoining ThreadsaThread.join() suspends the current Thread until the named Thread dies you may specify a maximum time to wait InterruptedException may occur$~~$g  Thread RelativesUnsynchronized Threads should not use the same resources no need to communicate between Threads Synchronized Threads must access shared resources, probably not at the same time may need to communicate with each otherHIdId SynchronizationEsynchronized method_a(){... synchronized method_b(){... Two Threads cannot be executing in these methods on the same object at the same time different objects - OK If methods are not synchronized, different Threads can run in them at the same time (even within a single method and even if a synchronized method is executing) d8U8U InterThread Communication  anObject.wait() suspends the current Thread that is synchronized on this object You may specify a maximum wait time (in milliseconds) releases the Thread's lock the current Thread must have the lock on the object, or this will fail InterruptedException is possibleHG!G!$  Notifying Waiting ThreadsanObject.notify() anObject.notifyAll() Places one (or all) Threads waiting for a lock on this object in the runnable state This may occur automatically if the maximum wait time has elapsed The current Thread must have a lock on this object $''H  H}/        ` ^WN̙f` ^WNff3` 999MMM` ^WNf` ff33` ff33` ^WN̙f>?" dd@(?zdd@ y x@" `  n?" dd@   @@``@n?" dd@  @@``PR   @ ` ` p>> ]U(    C XA@C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP\JavaBack.jpg  s *dv 0` v T Click to edit Master title style! !   c $v @ v RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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S  6o `P  v Y*   6do `  v [* H  0޽h ? ̙33 04(      0&v P   v =*   0l    v ?*   6$m `P  v =*   6m `  v ?* H  0޽h ? ̙33 x( K l  C $2 PP   r  S 2 ` p    0D30 pj VDr. Tim Margush Department of Mathematics and Computer Science The University of AkronW(2WH  0޽h ? ^WNff3  4(  4l 4 C 20`   l 4 C 4@  H 4 0޽h ? ^WNff3L  8(  8l 8 C $50`   l 8 C 5   l 8 C 58 @  H 8 0޽h ? ^WNff3  0D(   Dl D C 60`   l D C 7@  H D 0޽h ? ^WNff3  PL(  Ll L C 90`   l L C :@  H L 0޽h ? ^WNff3  pT( ̄@ R@ Tl T C Ͽ0`   l T C п@  H T 0޽h ? ^WNff3R  \(    \l \ C $ѿ0`   r \ S ѿ   l \ C ѿ8 @  H \ 0޽h ? ^WNff3  d( Y dl d C ҿ0`   l d C ӿ@  H d 0޽h ? ^WNff3  h(  hl h C v0`   l h C Dw@  H h 0޽h ? ^WNff3   l( 0V,!, ll l C t0`   l l C u@  H l 0޽h ? ^WNff3  ( VO l  C ڿ0`   l  C dֿ@  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3    p(  pl p C %v0`  v l p C %v@ v H p 0޽h ? ^WNff3   `t(  tl t C q0`   r t S r@  H t 0޽h ? ^WNff3   ( x l  C տ0`   l  C ֿ@  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3   (  l  C ׿0`   l  C ֿ@  H  0޽h ? ^WNff3 0 x( X R  3    ~  C 3 @    H  0޽h ? ̙33m 0 -%<(  <R < 3    + < C 4 @   For a program to run, the processor must have access to the instructions and data (in memory). As the processors fetches and executes instructions, a thread of control is happenning. If a program creates new threads, each thread has its own fetch-execute cycle that shares the same memory resource (containing instructions and data). Threads may share one processor, or be handled by different processors. H < 0޽h ? ̙33 0  @P(  @R @ 3     @ C D6 @   ^These are the two methods of defining classes from which threads are created. The subclassing method is usually used unless your class must subclass (extend) another, in which case you need to implement Runnable. Creating a thread does not mean it immediately starts executing. ,R mDH @ 0޽h ? ̙33 0 @HD(  HR H 3     H C D9 @   RWhen a Thread object is created, the start() method schedules it for execution within the JVM. The code to be executed is found in the run() method of the Thread object. Starting a Thread puts it in the runnable state. It will be executed when system resources can be allocated to it. IH H 0޽h ? ̙33h 0 ( `P(   PR P 3    & P C p @  v HDuring a Thread s lifetime, it may pass between the runnable and not runnable states. When not runnable, the Thread s run method is not executed even when the processor is available. For each method of entering the not runnable state, there is a means for the Thread to become runnable again.b4  t 1 H P 0޽h ? ̙33: 0 X(  XR X 3     X C п @   jNormally, a Thread dies when its run method has terminated. If it is necessary to terminate the Thread abnormally, you should use the Thread s stop() method. This throws an exception in the run method. If you catch this exception to do some cleanup, you must re-throw it or the Thread will not be terminated. 5H X 0޽h ? ̙33# 0 |s(  |R | 3     | C Dҿ @   KDaemon Threads exist to serve other Threads. If only Daemon Threads are left running, an application will halt. You make a Thread a Daemon (or non) by calling the setDaemon() method, passing true or false. By default, a Thread created from a Daemon Thread will be a Daemon, and one created from a user Thread will be a user Thread. H | 0޽h ? ̙33 0 ]U( h R  3    [  C Կ @   The sleep method suspends the execution of a Thread for a specified interval. This state may be interrupted by another Thread by calling the sleeping Thread's interrupt() method. This exception must be caught in order to use sleep.H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 L(  R  3      C x @   Z$Most Java implementations time-slice Threads, so processor resources are spread equally across the Runnable threads. When a running Thread hits a yield method call, the Thread manager is supposed to see if other Threads are waiting, and if so, allow one of them the chance to run for a while.c H  0޽h ? ̙33  0 _( h R  3    v  C v @  v mPriorities of Threads range from low (1) to high (10). Applications start at a medium priority (5). You can adjust the priority of a Thread via the setPriority method. You may call getPriority() to determine a Thread's current priority. In preemptive multi-tasking, when a high -priority Thread becomes runnable, a lower priority Thread will be pre-empted (interrupted) so the higher priority Thread can run. Time-slicing among equal priority Threads is not guaranteed. This is where yield() may be of importance.P  o&H  0޽h ? ̙33H  0 P(  R  3    v  C p @  v Synchronization between Threads allows a programmer to keep one Thread from changing a resource that is in use by another Thread. Synchronization can be achieved at the class, object, or block level. When a Thread enters a synchronized area of code, it obtains a lock on the class or object. Other Threads are excluded from running in the synchronized areas until the current Thread releases the lock. H  0޽h ? ̙33  0 [Sp(  R  3    Y  C Dt @   This illustrates synchronization at the object level (assuming these are instance methods). When a Thread locks the current object (by starting to execute code in method_a or method_b, no other Threads may execute code in these (or other synchronized instance methods) methods, on this object, until the Thread leaves the synchronized method. Other Threads are still permitted to run in unsynchronized methods of even the same object, or any methods of another object of the same type.H  0޽h ? ̙33  0 [S(  R  3    Y  C Կ @   The wait method provides an additional level of control to synchronization. A waiting Thread relinquishes its lock on the named object and is suspended until it is notified by another Thread (or the maximum wait time is reached).H  0޽h ? ̙33'  0 w( / R  3      C Dؿ @   =When a Thread is running in a synchronized block, it may notify one or all waiting Threads that the object may soon become available again. When it releases the lock, a waiting Thread may recapture their lock and resume execution. Waiting Threads are not runnable. This is how they are returned to the runnable state.,' H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 [S (  R  3    Y  C ڿ @   The join method will suspend the current Thread until the named Thread dies, or an InterruptedException (on the suspended Thread) occurs. This provides an elementary level of Thread coordination.S]H  0޽h ? ̙33r`K:1@B+4 D bFHcVgK^jLZmNqPSTVZs\ v7y{~GY^9`Xp_bOh+'0`Rx< P\ |  Cup 9:ThreadsoThreads and Stuffe Tim Margush,Class notes for 3460:289 ST:Java, Fall 19987C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates\Javaxx.pot Tim Margush67 Microsoft PowerPointoso@@>9T@ hTͽ@ @xiGPoM  P('& &&#TNPPp0D v & TNPP &&TNPP     'A x(xʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___wwwݼݽݼݽ޼ݽݼݼݼݼݼݽ޼ݼݼݽ޼ݼݼݼݽñݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݽݼݽݽݼ޼ݼݽݽݼݼݼݼݼ޼ݼݼݼݼݼݼ޼ݽݼݽ޽ݽݼݽݽݽݼ޼ݼñݼݽޔtttu㓱ݽݼ޼oݼݽݽýý޽ݼݼݽݽݼݼݼݼݼ޼ݼݼݼݼ޼ݼݼݽ޼ݼݽݼݼ޼ݼݽݼݼݽݼݽݽݼݼݼݼݽݽݽݼݼݼݼݼݽý޼ݼݽݽݽ޼޼ޔoݼݼݽݽݽݼݼݽݽݼݽݽݼݽݼ޼޽ݼݼݽ½޼ݽݽ޽޼ݼݼݽݼ޼⽽ݽݼݽ޽ݽ޽ݽݽݔݼݼݽݽ޽ݽݼ޽ݽݽݽ޽ݽݼ½ݼ޼ݽ޼ݽݽݼݼݽݼݼ޼ݼݼݼݼ޼ݼݽݼݽݼݼݼݽݼݼݼݼݼ޼ݼ㔼ݽݼݼ޼ݼݼݽݽݼ޼ݼݼݽݽ޼ݼݽ޼ݼ޼޼޼ݼݼݼݽ޽޽ݼݼݼݼݼ㓔ݼ޼ݼݼݼݽݽݽݼݼݽݼݼݼݼݼ޽ݼݼޔݽݽݽݽݼݼݼݼݽݼ޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽ý񽼽ý޽޽޽޽޽ý޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽⽽޽޽޽޼޽޽޽ý޼޼޽ý޽ýý޶޽޽޽޽޽޼޽ýýt㔶޽޽ݽ޽޽t޽u޽ý޽޽޽޽޽޽㱓޽񽽽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽޽ýݽ޽޽޽޽⼼޽ý޽޽޽ýnmJJ޽޽m##D##DsݼýÒD)D###$##JD#$#$###"#Dn޽D$#*#*#$##"nJ"D޽޽ýn)$#$#$#*$$Ds޽#$#*#*$)D#)$#޽s#$$#D##CDCE)$JQ0s޽񽽽޽ݽ#$D7)ý񽽽ý)#f7_D޽޽#DrDJtKn޽ݽ޽CsmLuMMtý"#JJLRR޽޽nDnELMMSMDg##m޽޽ֻ#"`Csޘ޽֧ȧ޽޶޽޽㓽޽޽o÷ "--&TNPP &՜.+,D՜.+,L     On-screen ShowUniversity of Akronz Times New Roman Arial BlackTahomaMonotype SortsArial Javaxx.potCup 9: ThreadsWhats a Thread?Obtaining a New ThreadStarting a ThreadNot Runnable?Stop Thread! Stop!User and Daemon ThreadsLet Sleeping Threads LieYielding to Another ThreadScheduling ConflictsJoining ThreadsThread RelativesSynchronizationInterThread CommunicationNotifying Waiting Threads  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles$em  5    _PID_GUID TemplateType GraphicType Compression ScreenSize ScreenUsage MailAddress HomePage Other DownloadOriginal DownloadIEButton UseBrowserColor BackColor TextColor LinkColor VisitedColorTransparentButton ButtonType ShowNotes NavBtnPos OutputDirAN{2EF03C20-677B-11D2-9E0C-00403331078B}Fmargush@uakron.edud"http://www.cs.uakron.edu/~margushvjClass Notes for ST:Java Tim Margush Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Akronm   f3 C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP\JavaRoot EntrydO)P~Picturesg?Current UserMSummaryInformation(jR'_University UserUniversity User !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghiklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)Picturesg?Current UserSummaryInformation(jRPowerPoint Document( #DocumentSummaryInformation8